What is heparin injection?
Heparin is an anticoagulant (blood thinner) that prevents the formation of blood clots.
Heparin is used to treat and prevent blood clots in the veins, arteries, or lung. It is also
used before surgery to reduce the risk of blood clots.
Heparin injection should not be used to flush (clean out) an intravenous (IV) catheter. A
separate product is available to use as catheter lock flush.
Heparin may also be used for purposes not listed in this medication guide.
How should I use heparin injection?
Heparin is injected under the skin or into a vein through an IV. You may be shown how to
use an IV at home.
Do not self-inject heparin if you do not fully understand how to give the injection and
properly dispose of used needles, IV tubing, and other items used to inject the medicine.
Do not use the medication if it has changed colors or has particles in it. Call your doctor for
a new prescription.
You may be switched from injectable heparin to an oral (taken by mouth) blood thinner. Do
not stop using the heparin until your doctor tells you to. You may need to use both the
injection and the oral forms of heparin for a short time.
Use a disposable needle and syringe only once. Follow any state or local laws about
throwing away used needles and syringes. Use a puncture-proof “sharps” disposal
container (ask your pharmacist where to get one and how to throw it away). Keep this
container out of the reach of children and pets.
Heparin injection side effects
Get emergency medical help if you have signs of an allergic reaction to heparin: nausea, vomiting, sweating, hives, itching, trouble breathing, swelling of your face, lips, tongue, or throat, or feeling like you might pass out.
Heparin can cause you to have bleeding episodes while you are using it and for several weeks after you stop. Call your doctor at once if you have easy bruising or unusual bleeding, such as a nosebleed, blood in your urine or stools, black or tarry stools, or any bleeding that will not stop.
Some people receiving a heparin injection have had a reaction to the infusion (when the medicine is injected into the vein). Tell your caregiver right away if you feel nauseated, light-headed, sweaty, or short of breath during or after receiving an injection.
Stop using heparin and call your doctor at once if you have:
•signs of a stroke–sudden numbness or weakness (especially on one side of the body), sudden severe headache, slurred speech, problems with vision or balance;
•signs of a blood clot in the lung–chest pain, sudden cough, wheezing, rapid breathing, coughing up blood;
•signs of a blood clot in your leg–pain, swelling, warmth, or redness in one or both legs;
•fever, chills, runny nose, or watery eyes;
•trouble breathing; or
•(in an infant) extreme drowsiness, weakness, or gasping for breath.
Common heparin side effects may include:
•mild pain, redness, warmth, or skin changes where the medicine was injected;
•mild itching of your feet; or
•bluish-colored skin.
Heparin dosing information
Usual Adult Dose of Heparin for Deep Vein Thrombosis:
Continuous IV Infusion: 5000 units IV one time as a bolus dose followed by 1300 units/hour by continuous IV infusion. Alternatively, a bolus dose of 80 units/kg IV one time followed by 18 units/kg/hour by continuous IV infusion may be used.
Intermittent subcutaneous injection: 17,500 units subcutaneously every 12 hours.
The dosage should be adjusted to maintain the aPTT at 1.5 to 2.5 times control.
Usual Adult Dose for Deep Vein Thrombosis — Prophylaxis:
5000 units subcutaneously every 8 to 12 hours. This dosage may be adjusted to maintain the aPTT at the upper end of the normal range.
Usual Adult Dose for Pulmonary Embolism:
Continuous IV Infusion: 5000 units IV one time as a bolus dose followed by 1300 units/hour by continuous IV infusion. Alternatively, a bolus dose of 80 units/kg IV one time followed by 18 units/kg/hour by continuous IV infusion may be used.
If it is suspected that the patient has experienced a massive pulmonary embolism, a more appropriate initial dosage may be an IV bolus of 10,000 units followed by 1500 units/hour.
Intermittent subcutaneous injection: 17,500 units subcutaneously every 12 hours.
The dosage should be adjusted to maintain the aPTT at 1.5 to 2.5 times control.
Usual Adult Dose of Heparin for Myocardial Infarction:
5000 units IV one time as a bolus dose followed by 1000 units/hour by continuous IV infusion.
Usual Adult Dose for Angina Pectoris:
5000 units IV one time as a bolus dose followed by 1000 units/hour by continuous IV infusion.
Usual Adult Dose for Anticoagulation During Pregnancy:
5000 units subcutaneously every 12 hours. This dosage may be adjusted to maintain the 6-hour aPTT at 1.5 times control or greater.
Usual Adult Dose for Thrombotic/Thromboembolic Disorder:
100 units/mL every 6 to 8 hours for PVC catheters and peripheral heparin locks. Additional flushes should be given when stagnant blood is observed in catheter, after catheter is used for drug or blood administration, and after blood withdrawal from catheter.
Addition of 0.5 to 1 unit/mL to peripheral and central TPN has been shown to increase duration of line patency. Arterial lines are heparinized with a final concentration of 1 unit/mL.
Usual Pediatric Dose for Thrombotic/Thromboembolic Disorder:
IV line flush:
Infant Dose: 10 units/mL every 6 to 8 hours.
Child Dose: 100 units/mL every 6 to 8 hours for PVC catheters and peripheral heparin locks. Additional flushes should be given when stagnant blood is observed in catheter, after catheter is used for drug or blood administration, and after blood withdrawal from catheter.
Addition of 0.5 to 1 unit/mL to peripheral and central TPN has been shown to increase duration of line patency. Arterial lines are heparinized with a final concentration of 1 unit/mL.
Just like we humans our companions of the animal kingdom,,have the skeletol system pretty same as ours and they are prone to accidents and injuries just like we do.While most of the injuries in animals are considered fatal.Some like bone injuries are absolutely treatable.
But unlike in humans these processes may be more tiresome and often difficult not only for the vets but also for the poor animals.
We may just remember the case of the Police horse SHAKTIMAN which recently made news.The poor animal got unduely involved and suffered blows of one of the rioters sticks AND suffered injuries on its long bone.
Even though a lots of vets rushed in to help and and surgeries were performed ,SHAKTIMAN couldn’t make it.
Vets all over the globe considered this long bone injury as the most difficult one.Reasons behind this is that the whole body is on support of this long bones.And unlike humans they cant be put to rest like humans.
Fractures and their management differ characteristically base on nature of injury and the treatment method used.
When abnormal stress is placed upon the skeletal system, fractures or breaks of the bones may occur. All the possible fracture types and the proper corrections of fractures are described by difficult terminology. Basically, we refer to fractures not only based on the name of the bone broken but also on the characteristics of the break itself.
Types of fractures
There are four commonly seen fractures in the animals: closed, compound, epiphyseal (growth plate), and greenstick (hairline). These first three types can be further characterized by whether they are simple fractures in which the bone breaks into only 2 or 3 pieces, or comminuted where the bone shatters into many pieces.
Closed Fractures: Closed fractures are those in which the skin is not broken. The bone is fractured, but the overlying skin is intact.
Greenstick Fractures: Greenstick fractures are small cracks within the bone which leave the bone basically intact, but cracked. In other words, the bone is not completely broken.
Compound Fractures: Compound fractures are breaks in which the broken bone protrudes through the skin, and is exposed to the outside. Compound fractures are risky in that the bones can be contaminated with dirt and debris, resulting in an infection.
Epiphyseal Fractures: Epiphyseal fractures are commonly seen in young, growing dogs. In animals less than one year of age, there are soft areas near the ends of each long bone where growth takes place. These soft areas are referred to as growth plates or epiphyseal plates. Because these are areas of growth, they are rich in immature non-calcified cells that form a soft, spongy area of the bone. These growth plates are more easily fractured because they are the weakest part of the bone. The distal ends of the femur (thigh bone) and humerus (upper front leg) seem to be particularly susceptible to this fracture.
What is the management?
Just as in human medicine, splints, casts, pins, steel plates and screws can be used to realign the bone and allow healing. The treatment depends on the type of fracture, age of the animal, and which bone is broken. Compound fractures in which the risk of infection is high are treated differently than closed fractures. Growing puppies may heal in as little as five weeks, and because of their size they put less weight on the bone. Therefore, a fracture in a young puppy may be treated with a cast but the same fracture may need to be ‘pinned’ in a geriatric (senior) dog in which healing may take twelve weeks or more. Hairline fractures may only require rest, while surgical intervention will usually be needed in more severe fractures. Careful evaluation by a veterinarian will determine the proper treatment.
while the Greenstick Fractures and Epiphyseal Fractures are easier to treat and less painful.The other two forms i.e.COMPOUND AND CLOSED Fractures are more difficult and fatal for poor animals.
Treatment of these often involve plates for internal fixation
A little HISTORY?
Plates for internal fixation of fractures have been used for more than 100 years. Plating of fractures began in 1895 when Lane first introduced a metal plate for use in internal fixation.1 Lane’s plate was eventually abandoned owing to problems with corrosion (Fig. (Fig.1).1). Subsequently, Lambotte in 19092 (Fig. 2) and then Sherman in 1912 introduced their versions of the internal fracture fixation plate. Improvements in the metallurgical formulation of the plate increased their corrosion resistance; however, both designs were eventually abandoned as a result of their insufficient strength.
Lambotte’s plate (1909) is thin, round, and tapered at both ends
The next important development in fracture plate design was initiated in 1948 by Eggers.The Eggers plate had two long slots that allowed the screw heads to slide and thus compensate for resorption of the fragment ends. Widespread use of his plate was limited by its structural weakness and the resulting instability of the fixation (Fig. 3).
Danis in 1949 recognized the need for compression between the fracture fragments. He achieved this goal using a plate he called the coapteur, which suppressed interfragmentary motion and increased the stability of the fixation (Fig. (Fig.44).5 It led to a mode of healing he called soudure autogène (autogenous welding), a process now known as primary bone healing (Fig. (Fig.5).5). His revolutionary concept influenced all subsequent plate designs.
Danis’ plate (1949) called “coapteur” suppresses interfragmentary motion and increases stability of fixation through interfragmentary compression achieved by tightening the side screw
In 1958 Bagby and Janes6 described a plate with specially designed oval holes to provide interfragmentary compression during screw tightening (Fig. (Fig.6).6). Müller et al. in 19657 presented another design that permitted interfragmentary compression by tightening a tensioner that was temporarily anchored to the bone and the plate (Fig. (Fig.7).7). The plate was heavier and thicker (4.5mm) than those designed by Eggers and Danis. With this design, Müller and his group set the stage for the rigid plating of fractures that resulted in a mode of bone healing characterized by the absence of periosteal callus formation. The appearance of any periosteal callus was interpreted as a sign of instability. “The appearance of callus after plate fixation may be an indicator for an unknown degree of instability.”8
Bagby and Janes’ (1956) oval holes designed for interfragmentary compression during screw tightening. (From Uhthoff HK. Current Concepts of Internal Fixation of Fractures. Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag; 1980. p. 175, with permission of Springer …
Müller’s plate design (1965) achieves interfragmentary compression by tightening a tensioner that is temporarily anchored to the bone and the plate. (From Sequin F, Texhammar R. AO/ASIF Instrumentation. Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag; 1981. …
The use of the tensioner was eventually abandoned in favor of oval holes with a design similar to that of the Bagby plate (Fig. 8). This new design, known as a dynamic compression plate (DCP), was claimed to have been developed without the knowledge of Bagby and Jane’s invention. Yet in 1967 Schenk and Willenegger, both members of a Swiss group of investigators, made reference to the compression technique advocated by Bagby and Janes. Although this plate was called a dynamic compression plate (DCP) only one-time static compression could be obtained.
Dynamic compression plate (DCP) incorporates specially designed oval holes similar to Bagby and Janes’ invention to compress bony fragments during screw tightening
The advantages of the DCP included low incidence of malunion, stable internal fixation, and no need for external immobilization, thus allowing immediate movement of neighboring joints. Meticulous surgical technique and an excellent teaching program further contributed to the advantages and success of this plating system.
Despite the obvious advantages, the developers of the DCP still looked for improvement in the design. This was probably because of certain disadvantages with the DCP that included delayed union as well as persistence of a microscopically detectable fracture gap that acted as a stress riser after plate removal. Cortical bone loss under the plate was another disadvantage (Fig. 9). Moreover, clinicians deplored the fact that it was impossible to assess the state of healing of the fracture radiologically. During physiological healing, disappearance of the fracture gap and development of an external bridging callus are criteria for assessing the state of healing of the fracture; they are not present after rigid internal fixation.
In light of possible refracture after plate removal, it was recommended that the plate not be removed for at least 15–18 months.7 A study by Kessler and colleagues showed that plate removal at an average of 20.1 months still resulted in refracture.11 Histologic examinations of 28 refractures confirmed that failure occurred at sites of absent gap bridging.
Two causes were thought to be responsible for refracture after plate removal.
The first hypothesis attributed refracture to inadequate rigidity of the fixation. As a consequence, double plating was recommended.12 This approach did not solve the problem of refracture.
The second hypothesis, advanced by Perren’s group, was that porosis and refractures are due to cortical necrosis that is secondary to excessive plate-bone contact interfering with cortical perfusion. The natural process of removal of the necrotic bone and its replacement by living bone was suspected to be the cause of transient porosis of the cortex. The duration of the transient porosis was not specified, but Perren and collaborators claimed that the temporary reduction of bone strength did not allow early plate removal owing to the possibility of refracture.
The Swiss group developed a new plate design intended to reduce the plate’s interference with cortical perfusion and thus decrease cortical porosis. The design was called the limited contact-dynamic compression plate (LC-DCP), which was claimed to reduce bone-plate contact by approximately 50%.The subsequent development of the point contact fixator reduced bone-plate contact to the point where it was essentially negligible.
DYNAMIC COMPRESSION PLATE-
HOW IT WORKS?
LIMITED CONTACT DYNAMIC COMPRESSION PLATE
WORKING.
In some cases where pieces of bone are lost completely,the joining becomes more difficult and union of the bones can be obtaines either y artificial bone fragment placement or stem cell treatment.
Researchers in Belgium have found a new way to mend broken bones by extracting stem cells from fatty tissue. They believe this new, non-invasive technique could be used to treat and mend various bone disorders.
Bone marrow stem cells have been used in regenerative medicine to repair bone for quite a while. Typically, stem cells are removed from bone marrow at the top of the pelvis, which is then injected back into the body. But the team at the Saint Luc university clinic hospital in Brussels have found a way to remove sugar cube-sized pieces of fatty tissue from patients, which they claim is far less invasive than poking a needle into the pelvis. The stem cell concentration is also much higher in fatty tissue.
“It is complete bone tissue that we recreate in the bottle and therefore when we do transplants in a bone defect or a bone hole…you have a higher chance of bone formation,” Denis Dufrane, the coordinator at the Saint Luc center, told Reuters. “Our hope is to propose this technology directly in emergency rooms to reconstitute bones when you have a trauma or something like that.”
The fatty tissue stem cell material is molded to fill fractures, similar to the dentist’s filling in a tooth. The material then hardens in the body, assisting the bone in healing. The Saint Luc university researchers tested this technique on 11 patients, eight of whom were children. One 13-year-old boy they treated had a fracture and disorder that prevented his body from repairing bones. Within 14 months of the treatment, the boy was able to play sports again.
Another study reviewed how stem cells could be used to become building blocks of new bone, signaling another treatment option for bone disorders like osteoporosis. Bone marrow stem cells are often used in treating rheumatoid arthritis as well as to assist in bone growth after graft transplantation.
There remain a few issues that need to be solved, however, before it can be used commercially or as a main form of treatment. “It is interesting and it is new, but it will have limitations regarding load-bearing capacity and, as with other implants, it will need to connect to the blood vessels of the body rapidly to avoid dying off,” Marco Helder, International Federation for Adipose Therapeutics and Science (IFATS) president who is based at Amsterdam’s Vrije University medical center, told Reuters. “Any foreign object can cause irritation and problems, so the fact that this is just host tissue would be an advantage.”
The next stage in treatment could be replacement of a true 3d printed copy of the actual bone and with the fractured one.
Many research has been done in the past years and many more is yet to be done.We can only hope for a better and effective treatment is designed .
Notepad is a generic text editor included with all versions of MicrosoftWindows that allows you to open and read plaintext files. . In the image to the right, is a small example of what the Microsoft Notepad may look like while running.
This simplest piece of tool from Microsoft can do stuffs u cant even imagine.
Some of the tasks you can do using notepad are..
1)Use the notepad as a DIGITAL LIBRARY
For that just type in”.LOG” In the beginning of the text file and then add anything after that and the system places date and time logs automatically every time you add some thing or with every line of text.
2:Make Your Keyboard Type (Any) Message Continuously-VBS Trick
This VBS trick can make any of your friend’s keyboard type any message continuously. Open Notepad, copy the code given below and save the file as Tricks.vbs or *.vbs. You will need to restart your computer to stop this. Try this after closing all important programs.
Set wshShell = wscript.CreateObject(“WScript.Shell”) do wscript.sleep 100 wshshell.sendkeys “This is a Virus. You have been infected.” loop
3:Create a Harmless Funny Virus with Notepad-Continuously eject CD/DVD drives
This VBS trick will create a code which will continuously eject all your connected Optical drives. If you put them back in, it will pop them out again. Copy this code and paste it in Notepad as Virus.vbs or *.vbs.
Set oWMP = CreateObject(“WMPlayer.OCX.7”) Set colCDROMs = oWMP.cdromCollection do if colCDROMs.Count >= 1 then For i = 0 to colCDROMs.Count – 1 colCDROMs.Item(i).Eject Next For i = 0 to colCDROMs.Count – 1 colCDROMs.Item(i).Eject Next End If wscript.sleep 5000 loop
4:create a wifi hotspot application.
How to create?
Open Notepad and type/ copy paste the code:
Netsh wlan set hostednetwork mode=allow ssid=rigomax key=12345
Netsh wlan start hostednetwork
Save the file as Start.bat
Create another notepad and paste code:
netsh wlan stop hostednetwork
Save this file as Stop.bat. Save this file as Stop.bat. Your Wi-Fi Hotspot stopping process is up.
Double click the Start.bat file to start Wi-Fi hotspot.
Double click the Stop.bat file will stop the broadcast.
5:Shutdown your computer
Notepad enables you to shut down anyone’s PC by conveying message.
Open notepad
@echo off
Msg * I don’t like you
Shutdown-c “Error! You are stupid!” –s
Save file with .bat extension.
the system can be shit down just by double click on the file just created.
6:Create a HTML Webpage using notepad:
If you want to create your first webpage using HTML, you are at the right place. Type basic HTML tags, header and save the file with .html extension.
7:Matrix Effect
Notepad trick that can turn our command prompt into something that looks like it just came out of the matrix movie, or maybe something that looks like something straight out of a hacker’s system
for that
1.Open notepad
2.copy the code below and paste it in a notepad
3.save as matrix.bat
4.Double click to start running
@echo off
color 02
:start
echo %random% %random% %random% %random% %random% %random% %random% %random% %random% %random%
goto start
8. Typing Slow
This is a trick which will cause the text to be typed slowly, to try it out, just copy and paste the text below into notepad and save it as a .vbs file.
It does nothing but introduces a small delay between different strings it types.
9. Converting Text to Speech Using Notepad.
Just copy and paste the code down below into notepad and save as a .vbs file. When you play it, you’ll get a dialog box asking what you want the computer to say. Have fun.
Dim message, sapi
message=InputBox("What do you want me to say?","Speak to Me")
Set sapi=CreateObject("sapi.spvoice")
sapi.Speak message
10) Format Your Hard Disk Using Just Notepad !!
Ever wondered of a way to format your hard disk using just notepad ?
Open notepad.
Type the following the code in it (Or just copy paste it).
Manipur,lying on the far north-east part of india boils up every now and then…mostly on the issues like ILP,AFSPA
ILP-Why it cant be implemented…AFSPA why the later cannot be repealed…
Implementation of ILP is considered a must need ,for the people of Manipur….After the bills implemented in the legislative assembly…was considered ,half the job done…
But after the govt of INDIA rejected the bill …questions were being raised on the govts idea of NORTH EAST as a whole….
But central govt,need to look all way around,they just cant favour one group…This could just be best understood….by an abstract from a local daily….which explains as ..such
“Finally, the all-party delegation met Union Home Minister Rajnath Singh amidst strong protests in front of Manipur Bhavan, Delhi by both proponents and antagonists of the three Bills passed by the Manipur Legislative Assembly on August 31 last year. The Home Minister made it clear that there is no harm in enacting legislation for protection of the indigenous people of Manipur provided there is a consensus among all the communities. We think the trickiest part lies on bringing a consensus as far as the three Bills or any legislation for protection of the indigenous people is concerned. Any attempt to bring a consensus on any political issue always evokes a question on the idea of Manipur and its indigenous people. Introspecting into the very idea of Manipur would demand critical analysis of the Kuki worldview, Naga worldview and the Meitei worldview. Primarily the three Bills are meant to provide a constitutional safeguard to all the indigenous people of the land but the Bills are being opposed by two major indigenous communities of the land. When any individual or group of people could not identify themselves as the indigenous people of Manipur, the very idea of protection of indigenous people becomes an anathema to the particular group. Of all the factors fuelling inter-community rivalry and distrust, the absence of a comprehensive Manipuri identity is the biggest challenge. When one cannot identify himself or herself as a Manipuri, anything that is beneficial to Manipur can be seen as a disadvantage. After one group of people struggled for months to enact legislation for protection of indigenous people, other groups have been demanding withdrawal or rejection of the same Bills. This is the paradox embedded within the varied concepts and understandings of Manipur and anything that is indigenous to the land.
Whereas Manipur was/is a plural society where different communities have been living together since ages, ethnic nationalism which is of very recent origin, more precisely after the merger of Manipur into the Indian Union, has already taken a heavy toll on the pluralistic character of the society. Any political agenda put up or pursued by one group is always suspected and often opposed by the other groups and vice-versa. We are afraid, if this is exactly the case with the three Bills which have now become a bone of contention. This is no longer a secret that all these groups have territorial aspirations and all of them want to have the lion’s share of the pie called Manipur. This is the larger picture and the root cause of the internal political conflicts which have been challenging the very idea of a pluralistic Manipur. Until and unless, these conflicts are resolved to the satisfaction of all parties, consensus, we fear, will always elude any political agenda raised by any group. Now the most important Bill namely the Protection of Manipur People Bill 2015 has been literally rejected by the Government of India. Still New Delhi is open to the idea of enacting a new legislation provided there is consensus. The champions and antagonists of the three Bills must talk directly, thrash out their differences if possible and if not, they should at least come to a negotiated settlement. The pluralistic character of Manipuri society should be taken into account while working out any solution and for any solution to be durable, it must be comprehensive enough.”
As what one should understand that govt if for all and rule is of none…
The next big thing in Manipur,,,larger than the need of development in the area….is the repealment of AFSPA….
A better understanding of the constitution and the ground reality in the state…..may give a much broader look on the need of the act,,,,
The Articles in the Constitution of India empower state governments to declare a state of emergency due to one or more of the following reasons:
Failure of the administration and the local police to tackle local issues
Return of (central) security forces leads to return of miscreants/erosion of the “peace dividend”
The scale of unrest or instability in the state is too large for local forces to handle
By Act 7 of 1972, the power to declare areas as being disturbed was extended to the central government
In a civilian setting, soldiers have no legal tender, and are still bound to the same command chain as they would be in a war theater. Neither the soldiers nor their superiors have any training in civilian law or policing procedures. This is where and why the AFSPA comes to bear – to legitimize the presence and acts of armed forces in emergency situations which have been deemed war-like.
Insurgency in Manipur is well known and how they have been continuously hindering govt works to bring development to the state,,,and constantly making people feel their presence by series of shootings,,,bomb blasts etc….
With of scores of insurgency groups and lakhs of insurgents,,,,Manipur has become quite a breeding ground of militancy…
Some of the largest and most active groups function in the state are…
Kangleipak Communist Party (KCP)
Kanglei Yawol Kanna Lup (KYKL)
Manipur People’s Liberation Front (MPLF)
People’s Revolutionary Party of Kangleipak (PREPAK)
People’s Liberation Army (PLA)
United National Liberation Front (UNLF)
Their hate against the indian govt and the mainlanders…and the pro Chinese behaviors always have been a matter of concern for the indian government…
In the absence of the central forces these insurgent groups may possibly try for a coup and then liberate as an independent state.
Their motive and their cause of fight i.e.the liberation of Manipur as an independent state….has forced the government to declare the state as Disturbed..and hence bring in AFSPA…
Creatinine is a chemical waste product of muscle metabolism that is eliminated through the kidneys. Persistently high levels of creatinine indicate that the kidneys may not be functioning properly. The normal range of creatinine in blood is:
0.6 to 1.2 mg/dL (or 53 to 106 mcmol/L) for males, and
0.5 to 1.1 mg/dL (or 44 to 97 mcmol/L) for females.
The values may vary slightly depending on different laboratories and their techniques. Men usually have higher levels than women because creatinine increases with muscle mass.
Factors that contribute to high creatinine levels include dehydration or inadequate water intake; medications like ACE inhibitors, NSAIDs like aspirin and ibuprofen, chemotherapy drugs and others; strenuous exercise; chronic diseases like kidney disease, diabetes, high blood pressure and thyroid disorders; kidney problems; and excessive blood loss.
Muscle building, taking the dietary supplement creatine and eating large amounts of meat can also elevate creatinine levels.
Some common symptoms of high creatinine are digestive problems like nausea, vomiting and poor appetite; fatigue; urinary changes like frequent night urination, decreased urine output and dark colored urine; edema; itchy skin; and shortness of breath.
In addition, you can try some home remedies and dietary tips to help manage the problem. Drinking plenty of water, for instance, is highly recommended when dealing with this problem.
1. Chamomile(Babune ka Phool) Tea)
A study published in the Journal of Agriculture Food Chemicals found decreased creatinine levels in study participants who drank chamomile tea. Plus, this herb will work as a mild sedative and induce relaxation.
Put two or three teaspoons of dried chamomile flowers in a cup of hot water.
Stinging nettle can help remove metabolic wastes and promote renal excretion due to its diuretic properties. Plus, it purifies the blood and improves immunity.
Add two to three teaspoons of dried nettle leaves to a cup of hot water.
Let it steep for 10 minutes.
Strain and drink it.
Drink this nettle tea once or twice daily.
Note: This remedy can interfere with blood-thinning, high blood pressure, diuretic and diabetic medications. Consult your doctor before using this remedy.
3. Dandelion Root(Dudal)
Dandelion root tea also works as a natural diuretic to flush out toxins and lower creatinine levels. It also helps improve kidney function and relieve edema or swelling due to water retention.
Put one tablespoon of dried dandelion root powder in a cup of hot water.
Allow it to steep for about 10 minutes.
Strain and drink it.
Drink this tea two or three times daily for a few days or weeks.
Note: Dandelion may interact with diabetes and high blood pressure medications.
4. Cinnamon(दालचीनी).
Due to its diuretic properties, cinnamon is considered good for those suffering from high creatinine levels and kidney problems. It helps increase kidney output and promotes renal filtration ability. It alsohelps regulate blood sugar levels, thus preventing further renal damage.
Incorporate cinnamon in your diet by adding it to warm beverages, smoothies, baked goods, cereals and other foods.
Note: Do not take this herb in excess or it may lead to liver and kidney damage. Though there is no established dosage still, the generally recommendation is one-half to one teaspoon of cinnamon a day.
5. Siberian Ginseng
Siberian ginseng containing eleutheroside compounds is mostly used as a health supplement for its energy-boosting properties. It is also an effective remedy to get rid of excess creatinine because it revitalizes the kidneys and promotes renal circulation. Plus, you’ll get its anti-fatigue and anti-stress benefits.
The general recommended dosage for this herb is 300 to 600 mg per day. For proper dosage and suitability for your condition, consult your doctor. It can also be taken with cinnamon.
Note: Do not confuse Siberian ginseng with other types of ginseng, especially Asian ginseng which has an anti-diuretic effect. Seek your doctor’s advice before taking Siberian ginseng because it may interfere with many prescription drugs.
6. Astragalus(indian milkvetch)
Astragalus is a traditional Chinese herbal medicine that helps slow the progression of chronic kidney disease. It works as a mild diuretic and helps improve creatinine levels. It contains a diuretic compound called asparagine that helps eliminate fluid through the kidneys. This herb also strengthens metabolism and digestion.
Boil a handful of dried astragalus root slices in one quart of water for 30 minutes.
Strain and drink the tea.
Drink this daily between meals.
Note: Those who have autoimmune diseases should consult a doctor before taking this herb as it may stimulate the immune system.
The kidneys play key roles in body function, not only by filtering the blood and getting rid of waste products, but also by balancing the electrolyte levels in the body, controlling blood pressure, and stimulating the production of red blood cells.
The kidneys are located in the abdomen toward the back, normally one on each side of the spine. They get their blood supply through the renal arteries directly from the aorta and send blood back to the heart via the renal veins to the vena cava. (The term “renal” is derived from the Latin name for kidney.)
The kidneys have the ability to monitor the amount of body fluid, the concentrations ofelectrolytes like sodium and potassium, and the acid-base balance of the body. They filter waste products of body metabolism, like urea from protein metabolism and uric acid from DNA breakdown. Two waste products in the blood usually are measured; 1) blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and 2) creatinine (Cr)
When blood flows to the kidney, sensors within specialized kidney cells regulate how much water to excrete as urine, along with whatconcentration of electrolytes. For example, if a person is dehydrated from exercise or from an illness, the kidneys will hold onto as much water as possible and the urine becomes very concentrated. When adequate water is present in the body, the urine is much more dilute, and the urine becomes clear. This system is controlled by renin, a hormone produced in the kidney that is part of the fluid and blood pressure regulation systems of the body.
Kidneys are also the source of erythropoietin in the body, a hormone that stimulates the bone marrow to make red blood cells. Special cells in the kidney monitor the oxygen concentration in blood. If oxygen levels fall, erythropoietin levels rise and the body starts to manufacture more red blood cells.
Urine that is made by each kidney flows through the ureter, a tube that connects the kidney to the bladder. Urine is stored within the bladder, and when urination occurs, the bladder empties urine through a tube called the urethra.
Kidney failure may occur from an acute situation that injures the kidneys or from chronic diseases that gradually cause the kidneys to stop functioning.
In acute renal failure, kidney function is lost rapidly and can occur from a variety of insults to the body. Since most people have two kidneys, both kidneys must be damaged for complete kidney failure to occur. Fortunately, if only one kidney fails or is diseased it can be removed, and the remaining kidney may continue to have normal kidney (renal) function. If a both patient’s kidneys are injured or diseased, a donor kidney(s) may transplanted.
The list of causes of kidney failure is often categorized based on where the injury has occurred.
Prerenal causes (pre=before + renal=kidney) causes are due to decreased blood supply to the kidney. Examples of prerenal causes of kidney failure are:
Medication, for example, diuretics (“water pills”) may cause excessive water loss
Abnormal blood flow to and from the kidney due to obstruction of the renal artery or vein
Renal causes of kidney failure (damage directly to the kidney itself) include:Sepsis: The body’s immune system is overwhelmed from infection and causes inflammation and shutdown of the kidneys. This usually does not occur with simple urinary tract infections.
Some medications are also toxic to the kidney including:
Iodine-containing medications such as those injected for radiology dye studies
Initially, kidney failure may be not produce any symptoms (asymptomatic). As kidney function decreases, the symptoms are related to the inability to regulate water and electrolyte balances, clear waste products from the body, and promote red blood cell production.
If unrecognized or untreated, the following symptoms of kidney failure may develop into life-threatening circumstances.
Lethargy
Weakness
Shortness of breath
Generalized swelling (edema)
Generalized weakness due to anemia
Loss of appetite
Diet is an important consideration for those with impaired kidney function. Consultation with a dietician may be helpful to understand what foods may or may not be appropriate.
In this state of impaired kidney function, the kidneys cannot easily remove excess water, salt, or potassium from the blood, so foods high in potassium salt substitutes may need to be consumed in limited quantities. Examples of potassium rich foods include:
Bananas
Apricots
Cantaloupe
Sweet potatoes
Yogurt
Spinach
Avocados
Phosphorus is a forgotten chemical that is associated with calcium metabolism and may be elevated in the body in kidney failure. Too much phosphorus can leech calcium from the bones and cause osteoporosisand fractures. Examples of foods and beverages high in phosphorus include:
Once the kidneys fail completely, the treatment options are limited to dialysis or kidney replacement by transplantation.
Dialysis cleanses the body of waste products in the body by use of filter systems. There are two types of dialysis; 1) hemodialysis, and 2) peritoneal dialysis.
Hemodialysis uses a machine filter called a dialyzer or artificial kidney to remove excess water and salt, to balance the other electrolytes in the body, and to remove waste products of metabolism. Blood is removed from the body and flows through tubing into the machine, where it passes next to a filter membrane. A specialized chemical solution (dialysate) flows on the other side of the membrane. The dialysate is formulated to draw impurities from the blood through the filter membrane. Blood and dialysate never touch in the artificial kidney machine.
For this type of dialysis, access to the blood vessels needs to be surgically created so that large amounts of blood can flow into the machine and back to the body. Surgeons can build a fistula, a connection between a large artery and vein in the body, usually in the arm, that allows a large amount of blood flow into the vein. This makes the vein swell or dilate, and its walls become thicker so that it can tolerate repeated needle sticks to attach tubing from the body to the machine. Since it takes many weeks or months for a fistula to mature enough to be used, significant planning is required if hemodialysis is to be considered as an option.
If the kidney failure happens acutely and there is no time to build a fistula, special catheters may be inserted into the larger blood vessels of the arm, leg, or chest. These catheters may be left in place for weeks. In some diseases, the need for dialysis will be temporary, but if the expectation is that dialysis will continue for a prolonged period of time, these catheters act as a bridge until a fistula can be planned, placed, and matured.
Dialysis treatments normally occur three times a week and last a few hours at a time. Most commonly, patients travel to an outpatient center to have dialysis, but home dialysis therapy is becoming an option for some.
Microsoft HoloLens is the first fully untethered, holographic computer, enabling you to interact with high‑definition holograms in your world.Microsoft has been exploring the latest of its OS editions ,windows 10 for many such interfaces.
Windows 10 is the first platform to suppport holographic computing with APIs that enable gaze ,gesture,voice and enviromental understanding on untethered device thus enabling the augmented reality device a success.
Whether you are the detective looking for evidence in fragments (like what irn man did in its 3rd enterprise) or a designer by profession you will be equally served .
Experience new possibilities for storytelling and gameplay when life-sized characters are aware of your presence and interact with you in mixed reality.
Transform the ways we communicate, create, collaborate, and explore. Your ideas are
closer to becoming real when you can create and work with holograms in relation to the world around you.
A camcorder is an electronic device combining a video camera and a video recorder. Although marketing materials may use the colloquial term “camcorder”, the name on the package and manual is often “video camera recorder”. Most devices capable of recording video are camera phones and digital camerasprimarily intended for still pictures; the term “camcorder” is used to describe a portable, self-contained device, with video capture and recording its primary function.
Today this are rare to be seen as digital camcoders have replaced them largely.
Although digital cameras and smartphones can grab acceptable video clips, nothing beats a full-featured camcorder for videos you’ll want to preserve for years and show off to friends and family on a big-screen HDTV.
In this blog we are going to discuss the aspects we need to see while buying a camcoder.
Megapixels does matter
Camcorders use imaging sensors just like digital cameras, and the more yours has, the better the video and still quality.Just like digicams, overall quality improves as you move higher, and so does the price.Needless to say, pick the highest megapixel count in your budget.But be carefull to get the right as many brands just add megapixel for name sake without trully increasing the image resolution.
Zooming
There are basically two types of zoom we can encounter with while buying camcoders.
1)First is the digital zoom-These are actually just making you go nearer by cropping and enlarging your still or video.These kind of zoom does not actually help you with image quality as while you go zooming the quality keeps dropping
2)Second is the optical zoom -a zoom in the true sense.This does not downgrade your image quaity.It makes you go closer,to get more details using optical lens adjustments.
SOUND QUALITY
Camcoders are so small that they don’t have much room for large microphones or capture stereo sound in most instances. This isn’t the case with full-featured camcorders, which not only offer two-channel stereo but better models even record 5.1-channel surround sound, delivering a powerful impact when you experience it with a 5.1-speaker system.So whenever you go for a camcoder dont forget to see this aspect.
Display-
All camcorders have LCD screens used to frame and review your scenes. They too are rated in pixels, and the more you have the better.When you move into more pricy, ones,they have electronic viewfinders (EVFs). These small eyepieces come in handy in those instances when the LCD wipes out in direct sunshine. You should see how your LCD handles light when doing a hands-on. While you’re checking out the screen, make sure the camcorder feels good in your hands and the controls seem logically placed. While we’re all in favor of tiny, card-based camcorders, but they can be too small for some hands.
Steadiness
All camcorders are as easy to use as riding a bike. Just put it into auto mode, adjust the zoom to frame your subject and press record. It doesn’t get much simpler. Many camcorders have similar features as digicams, including Intelligent or Smart Auto where they “guess” the scene in the frame and adjust settings accordingly. This is an excellent feature to look for. Many also have specific scene modes (portrait, landscape and so on) and others let you adjust shutter speed, aperture, focus, white balance, exposure compensation. These features are typically found in costlier models, as are flashes to help with your stills. It all depends just how deeply you want to delve into the video-making world, and the old cost-benefit analysis comparing one model to another.In some high end models you may get image stabilizers which are very benefecial while getting a still image or a video of a moving subject.
Web access
As you may find this stays everyone goes for selfies and amateur photography or clippings ,this feature will really be sought for.So just make sure(if you are paying higher amount) your camcorder have a one touch share for facebook,twitter,youtube etc. along with web access.
Projector
This is the feature often found in pricy models.This allows you to just project your capture onto a screen for viewing it later.May be you are on a adventurous trip with your gang ,you may like to relish your shots with friends while relaxing in the evening and miss your hdtv around,this feature might really help.
3D video recording-
This is the latest feature to be incorporated into camcorders and allows you to go deeper into your memories.Just imagine you are now by your sticks and looking back to memory lane and then your child just walk towards you.I reaaly think about that.
So guys these were some quick guideds you may go through while buying a camcorder.
